Production and Characterization of Porous Fibroin Scaffolds for Regenerative Medical Application

Abstract

Background/aim: Silk is a natural biomaterial with several superior features for applications in regenerative medicine. In the present study an optimized process for manufacturing porous scaffolds out of the silk protein fibroin was developed.

Materials and methods: The silk protein fibroin was dissolved in Ajisawa's reagent and the resulting fibroin solution was used to produce scaffolds by means of freeze-thawing cycling. Porosity, pressure and stab resistance as well as degradation behavior were assessed in order to characterize the physical properties of the resulting scaffolds.

Results: The resulting sponge-like fibroin scaffolds were highly porous while the porosity correlated inversely with the concentration of the starting fibroin solution. Increased initial fibroin concentrations of the scaffolds resulted in increased compressive and cannulation resistance. The majority of the fibroin scaffolds were digested by 1 mg/ml protease XIV in 3 weeks, indicating their biodegradability.

Conclusion: The production of scaffolds made of varying fibroin concentrations by means of freeze-thawing, following dissolution using Ajisawa's reagent, provides a simple and straightforward strategy for adjusting the physical and chemical properties of fibroin scaffolds for various medical applications.

Keywords: Silk; biomaterials; fibroins; regeneration.