Enzymatic Activity of HPGD in Treg Cells Suppresses Tconv Cells to Maintain Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Prevent Metabolic Dysfunction

Lisa Schmidleithner; Yasser Thabet; Eva Schönfeld; Maren Köhne; Daniel Sommer; Zeinab Abdullah; Timothy Sadlon; Collins Osei-Sarpong; Kotha Subbaramaiah; Francesca Copperi; Kristian Haendler; Tamas Varga; Oliver Schanz; Svenja Bourry; Kevin Bassler; Wolfgang Krebs; Annika E Peters; Ann-Kathrin Baumgart; Maria Schneeweiss; Kathrin Klee; Susanne V Schmidt; Simone Nüssing; Jil Sander; Naganari Ohkura; Andreas Waha; Tim Sparwasser; F Thomas Wunderlich; Irmgard Förster; Thomas Ulas; Heike Weighardt; Shimon Sakaguchi; Alexander Pfeifer; Matthias Blüher; Andrew J Dannenberg; Nerea Ferreirós; Louis J Muglia; Claudia Wickenhauser; Simon C Barry; Joachim L Schultze; Marc Beyer

doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.014

Enzymatic Activity of HPGD in Treg Cells Suppresses Tconv Cells to Maintain Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Prevent Metabolic Dysfunction

Immunity. 2019 May 21;50(5):1232-1248.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.014. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Authors

Lisa Schmidleithner¹, Yasser Thabet², Eva Schönfeld², Maren Köhne¹, Daniel Sommer², Zeinab Abdullah³, Timothy Sadlon⁴, Collins Osei-Sarpong¹, Kotha Subbaramaiah⁵, Francesca Copperi⁶, Kristian Haendler⁷, Tamas Varga⁸, Oliver Schanz⁹, Svenja Bourry⁸, Kevin Bassler², Wolfgang Krebs², Annika E Peters¹⁰, Ann-Kathrin Baumgart¹⁰, Maria Schneeweiss², Kathrin Klee², Susanne V Schmidt², Simone Nüssing², Jil Sander², Naganari Ohkura¹¹, Andreas Waha¹², Tim Sparwasser¹³, F Thomas Wunderlich¹⁴, Irmgard Förster⁹, Thomas Ulas², Heike Weighardt⁹, Shimon Sakaguchi¹¹, Alexander Pfeifer⁶, Matthias Blüher¹⁵, Andrew J Dannenberg⁵, Nerea Ferreirós¹⁶, Louis J Muglia¹⁷, Claudia Wickenhauser¹⁸, Simon C Barry⁴, Joachim L Schultze⁷, Marc Beyer¹⁹

Affiliations

¹ Molecular Immunology in Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
² LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
³ Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
⁴ Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Norwich Centre, 55 King William St, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 E. 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
⁶ Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
⁷ LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany; PRECISE, Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
⁸ Molecular Immunology in Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
⁹ LIMES-Institute, Immunology & Environment, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
¹⁰ LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
¹¹ Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
¹² Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
¹³ Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMMH), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacherstr. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
¹⁴ Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
¹⁶ Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁷ Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
¹⁸ Institute for Pathology, Martin-Luther University Halle - Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany.
¹⁹ Molecular Immunology in Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany; LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany; PRECISE, Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: marc.beyer@dzne.de.

PMID: 31027998
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.014

Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are important for preventing autoimmunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, but whether Treg cells can adopt tissue- or immune-context-specific suppressive mechanisms is unclear. Here, we found that the enzyme hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD), which catabolizes prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) into the metabolite 15-keto PGE₂, was highly expressed in Treg cells, particularly those in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)-induced HPGD expression in VAT Treg cells, and consequential Treg-cell-mediated generation of 15-keto PGE₂ suppressed conventional T cell activation and proliferation. Conditional deletion of Hpgd in mouse Treg cells resulted in the accumulation of functionally impaired Treg cells specifically in VAT, causing local inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Consistent with this mechanism, humans with type 2 diabetes showed decreased HPGD expression in Treg cells. These data indicate that HPGD-mediated suppression is a tissue- and context-dependent suppressive mechanism used by Treg cells to maintain adipose tissue homeostasis.

Keywords: Foxp3; HPGD; PGE(2); adipose tissue; regulatory T cells; suppressive function; type 2 diabetes.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

3T3 Cells
Animals
Cell Line
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism
Dinoprostone / analogs & derivatives*
Dinoprostone / metabolism*
HEK293 Cells
Homeostasis / immunology
Humans
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases / genetics
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases / metabolism*
Insulin Resistance / genetics
Intra-Abdominal Fat / cytology
Intra-Abdominal Fat / immunology*
Jurkat Cells
Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
Male
Mice
Mice, Knockout
STAT5 Transcription Factor / metabolism
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / enzymology*
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology*

Substances

STAT5 Transcription Factor
15-ketoprostaglandin E2
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases
Dinoprostone