How Difficult is it to Prepare a Quantum State?

Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Jan 11;122(1):010505. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.010505.

Abstract

Consider a quantum system prepared in an input state. One wants to drive it into a target state. Assuming classical states and operations as free resources, I identify a geometric cost function which quantifies the difficulty of the protocol in terms of how different it is from a classical process. The quantity determines a lower bound to the number of commuting unitary transformations required to complete the task. I then discuss the link between the quantum character of a state preparation and the amount of coherence and quantum correlations that are created in the target state.