Objective: To characterize the relations between the practice of parenting and associated factors on children (0-5 years old) in urban areas of China, in order to provide evidence for promoting the early development of children and to provide positive guidance and service programs on parenting. Methods: A total of 4 515 parents from 15 cities (14 provinces) were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS) was used, including parameters as: consistency and coercive parenting, positive encouragement, parent-child relationship and parental emotion adjustment, family relationship and parental teamwork aspects, etc. Both single factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to examine the associations between parenting practice, individual, parental and family factors. Results: The mean score of PAFAS was 21.00 (15.00-28.00), associated with factors as children's age, only-child family, premature delivery, father's education level, confidence on parenting, problems regarding the parental mood, annual family income, family structure and behavior on seeking professional help, etc. Results showed that there were big differences on the practice of parenting in China and influenced by variety of factors. Conclusions: The general situation of parenting was well, in the urban areas of China. The practice of parenting was associated with a series of individual, parental and family factors. Programs on improving the parenting skills and promoting the early development of children, should be highlighted.
目的： 了解我国城市地区0~5岁儿童养育实践情况及其影响因素，为促进我国儿童早期发展、开展父母积极养育指导和服务提供依据。 方法： 2017年8－12月在我国14省15个城市4 515名0~5岁的儿童家长中进行自填式问卷调查，采用父母养育与家庭适应量表（PAFAS）评价父母对儿童的养育实践情况，包括养育一致性、强迫性、鼓励性和亲子关系以及父母的情绪适应、家庭关系和相互协助等多个维度，通过单因素分析和多重线性回归探索儿童个体、父母和家庭因素对父母养育实践的影响。 结果： 我国城市地区0~5岁儿童的父母在PAFAS量表中的总得分为21.00（15.00~28.00）分，该得分的变化与儿童年龄、独生子女、分娩方式、父亲文化程度、家长育儿信心、家长情绪、家庭年收入、家庭结构以及寻求专业支持等因素有关，提示我国儿童养育实践情况存在较大差异并受多种因素影响。 结论： 我国城市地区0~5岁儿童养育实践整体情况良好，养育实践与儿童个体、父母和家庭环境等多种因素有关，关注多重因素的影响有利于提高父母养育技能的培训效果，更好地促进儿童早期发展。.
Keywords: Parenting; Parenting practice; Relative factors.