3D Printed scaffolds with hierarchical biomimetic structure for osteochondral regeneration

Xuan Zhou; Timothy Esworthy; Se-Jun Lee; Shida Miao; Haitao Cui; Michael Plesiniak; Hicham Fenniri; Thomas Webster; Raj D Rao; Lijie Grace Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2019.04.002

3D Printed scaffolds with hierarchical biomimetic structure for osteochondral regeneration

Nanomedicine. 2019 Jul:19:58-70. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
² Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴ Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
⁵ Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: lgzhang@gwu.edu.

PMID: 31004813
DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.04.002

Abstract

Osteochondral defects resulting from trauma and/or pathologic disorders are critical clinical problems. The current approaches still do not yield satisfactory due to insufficient donor sources and potential immunological rejection of implanted tissues. 3D printing technology has shown great promise for fabricating customizable, biomimetic tissue matrices. The purpose of the present study is to investigate 3D printed scaffolds with biomimetic, biphasic structure for osteochondral regeneration. For this purpose, nano-hydroxyapatite and transforming growth factor beta 1 nanoparticles were synthesized and distributed separately into the lower and upper layers of the biphasic scaffold, which was fabricated using 3D stereolithography printer. Our results showed that this scaffold design successfully promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, as well as enhanced gene expression associated with both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis alike. The finding demonstrated that 3D printed osteochondral scaffolds with biomimetic, biphasic structure are excellent candidates for osteochondral repair and regeneration.

Keywords: 3D printing; Chondrogenesis; Nanomaterials; Osteochondral; Osteogenesis.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Biomimetic Materials / chemistry*
Biomimetic Materials / pharmacology*
Cell Differentiation / drug effects
Cell Proliferation / drug effects
Chondrogenesis* / drug effects
Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
Humans
Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
Mesenchymal Stem Cells / drug effects
Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
Nanoparticles / chemistry
Nanoparticles / ultrastructure
Osteogenesis* / drug effects
Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer / chemistry
Printing, Three-Dimensional*
Regeneration* / drug effects
Tissue Scaffolds / chemistry*
Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / metabolism

Substances

Transforming Growth Factor beta1
Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer