Evaluation of the total maximum allocated load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen using a watershed-coastal ocean coupled model

Yuren Chen; Weicong Cheng; Heng Zhang; Jiawei Qiao; Jiahuan Liu; Zhen Shi; Wenping Gong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.036

Evaluation of the total maximum allocated load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen using a watershed-coastal ocean coupled model

Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jul 10:673:734-749. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.036. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Authors

Yuren Chen¹, Weicong Cheng¹, Heng Zhang², Jiawei Qiao¹, Jiahuan Liu¹, Zhen Shi³, Wenping Gong⁴

Affiliations

¹ School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China.
² School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. Electronic address: zhangheng@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
³ State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China.
⁴ School of Marine Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.

PMID: 31003101
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.036

Abstract

Due to the recent rapid increase in human activity and economic development, many coastal areas have recently experienced a high degree of land-based pollution. Evaluating the total maximum allocated load (TMAL) of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) nutrients and the remaining capacity is of importance for improving water quality. A considerable amount of nutrients derived from the coastal watershed can be found in wet seasons, which is non-negligible for the estimation of remaining capacity. Therefore, we use a watershed-coastal ocean coupled model combined with an optimization algorithm to tackle this issue. In contrast with previous studies, this study provides a method to estimate the spatiotemporal variations in TMALs and we then compare it to the current DIN nutrient load, including both point sources and non-point sources. Our results suggest that the TMAL of Daya Bay (DB), which is located in the northern part of the South China Sea, is about 7976 metric tons per year (t/yr) and ranges from 191 metric tons per month (t/month) to 1072 t/month. The increase of non-point source (NPS) DIN input also plays an important role in daily overload events during wet seasons. Moreover, the TMALs show an inverse exponential correlation with the water age, but only about 65% of the variance is explained. This suggests that the variations from the optimization algorithm and from local water function zoning plans are also important. According to our prediction of the DIN input, the TMAL of DB will soon be exhausted in the next several years. Consequently, prompt actions are necessary to consider the distribution of TMALs in urban developments and to decelerate the rapid growth of DIN input. Therefore, the results of this study will be helpful for both local pollution control and future urban planning.

Keywords: Coastal management; Couple model; Daya Bay; Overloaded rate; Pollution control; TMAL.