Background/aims: Spine and spinal cord pathologies and associated neuropathic pain are among the most complex medical disorders to treat. While rodent models are widely used in spine and spinal cord research and have provided valuable insight into pathophysiological mechanisms, these models offer limited translatability. Thus, studies in rodent models have not led to the development of clinically effective therapies. More recently, swine has become a favored model for spine research because of the high congruency of the species to humans with respect to spine and spinal cord anatomy, vasculature, and immune responses. However, conventional breeds of swine commonly used in these studies present practical and translational hurdles due to their rapid growth toward weights well above those of humans.
Methods: In the current study, we evaluated the suitability of a human-sized breed of swine developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Wisconsin Miniature SwineTM (WMSTM), in the context of thoracic spine morphometry for use in research to overcome limitations of conventional swine breeds. The morphometry of thoracic vertebrae (T1-T15) of 5-6 months-old WMS was analyzed and compared to published values of human and conventional swine spines.
Results: The key finding of this study is that WMS spine more closely models the human spine for many of the measured vertebrae parameters, while being similar to conventional swine in respect to the other parameters.
Conclusion: WMS provides an improvement over conventional swine for use in translational spinal cord injury studies, particularly long-term ones, because of its slower rate of growth and its maximum growth being limited to human weight and size.
Keywords: Animal models; Miniature swine; Spinal cord injury; Spine anatomy; Swine models; Thoracic vertebrae.