Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the success of pulpotomies in primary molars using a new type of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; NeoMTA Plus) with a conventional MTA (ProRoot MTA) as a pulpotomy medicament in primary molars. Methods: Eighty primary teeth in 28 patients were divided randomly, with 40 teeth in a control group (ProRoot MTA) and 40 teeth in an experimental group (NeoMTA Plus). A standardized pulpotomy technique was performed for each tooth. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were conducted at three, six, and 12 months. Results: At 12 months, the clinical success for ProRoot MTA was 97.4 percent (38 out of 39) and the radiographic success was 94.9 percent (37 out of 39); for NeoMTA Plus, the clinical success was 100 percent (40 out of 40) and the radiographic success was 97.5 percent (39 out of 40). No significant differences were found between the two groups at all follow-up evaluations. Conclusions: NeoMTA Plus showed a high percent success, similar to that of ProRoot MTA. NeoMTA Plus is a potential pulpotomy medicament for primary teeth.