Tumor Endothelial Marker 1 (TEM1/Endosialin/CD248) Enhances Wound Healing by Interacting with Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptors

Abstract

Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1), also known as endosialin or CD248, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein containing a C-type lectin-like domain. It is highly expressed in pericytes and fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts play a pivotal role during cutaneous wound healing, especially in the proliferative phase. However, the physiological function of TEM1 in wound healing is still undetermined. During the process of wound healing, the expression of both TEM1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α was highly upregulated in myofibroblasts. In vivo, fibroblast activation and collagen deposition in granulation tissues were attenuated, and wound healing was retarded in TEM1-deleted mice. In vitro, the migration, adhesion, and proliferation of NIH3T3 cells were suppressed following TEM1 knockdown by short hairpin RNA. In PDGF-BB-treated NIH3T3 cells, the downstream signal and mitogenic, and chemoattractive effects were inhibited by TEM1 knockdown. In addition, TEM1 and PDGF receptor α were colocalized in subcellular organelles in fibroblasts, and the association of TEM1 and PDGF receptor α was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation. In summary, these findings suggested that TEM1, in combination with PDGF receptor α, plays a critical role in wound healing by enhancing the mitogenic and chemoattractive effects of PDGF-BB and collagen deposition in myofibroblasts.