Torque-Teno virus viral load as a potential endogenous marker of immune function in solid organ transplantation

Omid Rezahosseini; Camilla Heldbjerg Drabe; Søren Schwartz Sørensen; Allan Rasmussen; Michael Perch; Sisse Rye Ostrowski; Susanne Dam Nielsen

doi:10.1016/j.trre.2019.03.004

Torque-Teno virus viral load as a potential endogenous marker of immune function in solid organ transplantation

Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2019 Jul;33(3):137-144. doi: 10.1016/j.trre.2019.03.004. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Authors

Omid Rezahosseini¹, Camilla Heldbjerg Drabe¹, Søren Schwartz Sørensen², Allan Rasmussen³, Michael Perch⁴, Sisse Rye Ostrowski⁵, Susanne Dam Nielsen⁶

Affiliations

¹ Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
² Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³ Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁵ Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁶ Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: sdn@dadlnet.dk.

PMID: 30981537
DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2019.03.004

Abstract

Solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients receive immunosuppressive therapy to avoid rejection of the transplanted organ. Immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of infections. However, no existing marker reliably reveals the status of the immune function in SOT recipients. Torque-Teno virus or Transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) has gained attention as a possible endogenous marker of the immune function. TTV is a non-enveloped, circular single strand DNA virus, and it may be considered a part of the human virome. In a bidirectional relationship, the immune system detects TTV and TTV may also modulate the activity of immune system. These characteristics have made the virus a possible candidate indicator of immune function. In this systematic review, we describe the role and potential function of TTV viral load as an endogenous marker of the immune function and consequently the level of immune suppression in SOT recipients.

Keywords: Immunosuppression; Infection; Organ transplantation; Rejection; Torque Teno virus.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Biomarkers / blood
Humans
Immunosuppression Therapy*
Organ Transplantation*
Torque teno virus*
Viral Load*

Substances

Biomarkers