Identification of 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol as the malodorous compound in a pollution incident in the water supply in Catalonia (N.E. Spain)

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jun;26(16):16076-16084. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04635-y. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Abstract

A study of organic compounds that caused a serious taste and odor episode of water supply in two residential areas in Catalonia (N.E. Spain) was carried out. Sweet and paint/solvent odor were the main descriptors used by consumers. Some cases of sickness and nausea were also associated with drinking water consumption by the consumers. Closed-loop stripping analysis (CLSA) combined with sensory gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection were used to study the problem. As a result, 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (CAS number 98-17-9) was for the first time identified as a responsible of an odor incident in drinking water. Concentration levels of this compound were up to 17,000 ng/L in groundwater and up to 600 ng/L in distributed water. Odor threshold in water for 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol was determined as 13 ng/L (45 °C).

Keywords: 3-(trifluoromethyl)anisole; Bad odor event; CAS 98-17-9; Odor threshold; Olfactory detection; Sensory-GC; Water quality.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cresols / analysis*
  • Drinking Water / analysis*
  • Drinking Water / chemistry
  • Female
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods
  • Humans
  • Liquid-Liquid Extraction
  • Male
  • Odorants / analysis*
  • Sensory Thresholds
  • Spain
  • Taste
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
  • Water Supply

Substances

  • 3-trifluoromethylphenol
  • Cresols
  • Drinking Water
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical