Background: The use of medicinal plants is increasing in several decades for relief many diseases. Indonesia consists of thousands of islands with various plants and the manners of the community using plants as a treatment for every disease traditionally.
Aim: Cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium fruit was tested towards T47D breast cancer cells.
Methods: The in vitro cytotoxic activity was performed by MTT assay, and the result was expressed as the IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration), and cell cycle inhibition was investigated by flow cytometry to assess the inhibition in every phase of cell cycle, and the role of expression cyclin D1 and p53 in cell cycle inhibition were performed by immunocytochemistry.
Results: EAF was showed to have high activity with a value of IC50 48.94 ± 0.32 µg/mL. EAF of 25 µg/mL caused cell accumulation at G0/G1 (60.48%) and in a control cell (51.69%) and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of p53.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study provided scientific support for further investigation on compounds in Z. acanthopodium fruit which in the future could be used for medication.
Keywords: Cell cycle inhibition; Cytotoxic; Ethylacetate; Zanthoxylum acanthopodium.