The Sequential Unfolding of First Phase Syntax: Tutorial and Applications to Development

J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Mar 25;62(3):693-705. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0227.

Abstract

Purpose This tutorial is an introduction to first phase syntax (FPS; Ramchand, 2008 ). FPS provides a new, cross-linguistically motivated perspective on clause internal structure. A new sequence of syntactic development is proposed based on FPS with 4 levels of complexity: (0) verb particles and adjectives in the 1-word stage, (1) semantic relations of entity + location/attribution, (2) intransitive structures encoding change of location/state, and (3) transitive sentences with an internal argument that changes state/location and an external, causer argument. A novel prediction of this framework is that a Level 2 structure emerges earlier than a Level 3 structure. Method Archival longitudinal data of 15 children (8 boys) were selected to test the proposed developmental sequence. The 15 children's data were drawn from the DeKalb corpora ( Rispoli, Hadley, & Holt, 2008 , 2009 ) and Champaign corpora ( Hadley, Rispoli, Holt, Fitzgerald, & Bahnsen, 2014 ), selected because their mean lengths of utterance did not exceed 2.54 at age 2;6 (years;months). One-hour language samples taken every 3 months from 1;9 to 2;6 were searched for Level 1-3 structures. The diversity of the internal argument was tracked across levels. Results Average argument diversity shifted across levels over the period of 1;9-2;6. At 2;0, argument diversity was highest for Level 1; at 2;3, diversity was highest for Level 2; and at 2;6, it was highest for Level 3. Paired-samples t test revealed that, at 2;3, argument diversity in Level 2 was significantly higher than that in Level 3. Conclusion This developmental application of FPS provides a theoretical framework for a developmentally ordered sequence of syntactic goals and treatment targets for children struggling with the acquisition of syntax.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Child Language
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Language Development*
  • Linguistics
  • Male
  • Semantics*