Cellular and Molecular Basis of Osteoblastic and Vascular Niches in the Processes of Hematopoiesis and Bone Remodeling (A Short Review of Modern Views)

Abstract

In evolutionary processes, human bone marrow has formed as an organ depot of various types of cells that arise from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Vital HSC activity is controlled through molecular interactions with the niche microenvironment. The review describes current views on the formation of key molecular and cellular components of the HSC niche, which ensure maintenance of home ostasis in stem cell niches, obtained from studies of their role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs, including the physiological, reparative and pathological remodeling of bone tissue. Due to rapid developments in biotechnology, tissue bioengineering, and regenerative medicine, information can be useful for developing biomimetic and bioinspired materials and implants that provide an effective bone/bone marrow recovery process after injuries and, to a greater extent, diseases of various etiologies.

Keywords: Hematopoietic stem cells; biomaterials; bone marrow; bone marrow niche; extracellular matrix; mesenchymal stem cells; tissue remodeling..