Assessment of mycotoxin exposure and risk characterization using occurrence data in foods and urinary biomarkers in Brazil

Larissa T Franco; Tânia Petta; George E Rottinghaus; Keliani Bordin; Gilmar A Gomes; Paula Alvito; Ricardo Assunção; Carlos A F Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.046

Assessment of mycotoxin exposure and risk characterization using occurrence data in foods and urinary biomarkers in Brazil

Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jun:128:21-34. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.046. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Authors

Larissa T Franco¹, Tânia Petta², George E Rottinghaus³, Keliani Bordin⁴, Gilmar A Gomes⁵, Paula Alvito⁶, Ricardo Assunção⁶, Carlos A F Oliveira⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
² Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
³ Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
⁴ Polytechnic School, Pontifical University of Paraná, CEP 80215-901, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Food Engineering, State University of Santa Catarina, CEP 89870-000, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil.
⁶ Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. (INSA), 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal; CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
⁷ Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: carlosaf@usp.br.

PMID: 30926435
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.046

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the exposure of Brazilian residents (N = 86) from rural areas to multiple mycotoxins and characterize the associated risk in two sampling periods (SP) (April-May and December/2016). Mycotoxins in food and urine samples were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Mean probable daily intake (PDI) values based on occurrence data in foods in both SP varied from 0.007 to 0.013, 0.069 to 1.002, 0.119 to 0.321 and 0.013-0.156 μg kg^-1 body weight (bw) day^-1 for aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FBs) and zearalenone (ZEN), respectively. Mean PDI values based on urinary biomarkers were 0.001, 84.914, 0.031, 0.377 and 0.002 μg kg^-1 bw day^-1 for AFB₁, DON, ochratoxin A (OTA), FB₁ and ZEN, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) calculated using food data revealed a potential health concern for ZEN in 2nd SP. HQ > 1 based on urinary biomarkers were observed for DON in the two SP. Although OTA was not detected in any food sample, the HQ based on urinary OTA levels was >1 in the 1st SP. Margin of exposure values for AF from food and urine data in the 1st SP were below 10,000, indicating potential health risks.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Food; LC-MS/MS; Mycotoxins; Risk assessment; Urine.

MeSH terms

Adult
Biomarkers / analysis*
Biomarkers / urine*
Brazil
Chromatography, Liquid / methods
Diet Records
Dietary Exposure*
Female
Food Contamination / analysis
Humans
Limit of Detection
Male
Middle Aged
Mycotoxins / toxicity*
Risk Assessment
Rural Health
Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods

Substances

Biomarkers
Mycotoxins