Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in the early diagnosis of sepsis in an intensive care unit: a case-control study

Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2019;31(1):64-70. doi: 10.5935/0103-507X.20190010. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
[Article in Portuguese, English]

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of sepsis and mortality in patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

Methods: Case-control study of adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Patients who had sepsis as the reason for admission and who had a previous complete blood count examination were included as case patients. The following statistical analyses were performed: ROC curves, binary logistic regression, and Mann-Whitney and Pearson's chi-square tests. p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The ROC curve values were 0.62 for neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, 0.98 for band neutrophils and 0.51 for total leukocytes. The presence of a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio greater than 5.0, leukocyte count above 12,000mm3/mL and band neutrophil percentage above 10% were risk factors for sepsis; however, only the SAPS 3 and SOFA score were related to patient mortality.

Conclusion: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and band neutrophils in combination with other parameters may be markers for the early detection of sepsis in intensive care units.

Objetivo: Avaliar a razão neutrófilo-linfócito na predição de sepse e mortalidade em pacientes admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva.

Métodos: Estudo de caso-controle de pacientes adultos admitidos em terapia intensiva. Foram incluídos como casos pacientes que tiveram sepse como razão de admissão e possuíam exame laboratorial de hemograma prévio. As análises estatísticas realizadas foram curva ROC, regressão logística binária, Mann Whitney e qui-quadrado de Pearson. Foi considerado significativo valor de p < 0,05.

Resultados: Os valores de curva ROC foram 0,62 para razão neutrófilo-linfócito, 0,98 para neutrófilos bastonados e 0,51 para leucócitos totais. A presença de razão neutrófilo-linfócito superior a 5,0, o número de leucócitos acima de 12.000mm3/mL e número de neutrófilos bastonados acima 10% foram fatores de risco para sepse, entretanto somente os escores SAPS 3 e SOFA estavam relacionados a mortalidade dos pacientes.

Conclusão: A razão neutrófilo-linfócito e os neutrófilos bastonados em combinação com outros parâmetros podem ser marcadores na detecção precoce de sepse em terapia intensiva.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Early Diagnosis
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units*
  • Leukocyte Count
  • Logistic Models
  • Lymphocytes / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neutrophils / metabolism*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sepsis / blood
  • Sepsis / diagnosis*

Substances

  • Biomarkers