In vitro gastrointestinal digestion to evaluate the total, bioaccessible and bioavailable concentrations of iron and manganese in açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulps

Silvana Ruella Oliveira; Katherine Chacón-Madrid; Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda; Fernando Barbosa Júnior

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.016

In vitro gastrointestinal digestion to evaluate the total, bioaccessible and bioavailable concentrations of iron and manganese in açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulps

J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019 May:53:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.016. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Authors

Silvana Ruella Oliveira¹, Katherine Chacón-Madrid², Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda², Fernando Barbosa Júnior³

Affiliations

¹ Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: silvanaruella@gmail.com.
² Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group - GEPAM and National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics - INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, PO Box 6154, Zipcode 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
³ Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

PMID: 30910203
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.016

Abstract

Açaí pulp consumption has increased in Brazil and worldwide. Recently, a high average content of manganese (450 mg/kg) was observed in açaí pulp, raising the hypothesis of toxicological effects associated to its ingestion. However, the total concentration of an element does not reflect the real benefits and risks of consuming a food. In this context, the total, bioaccessible and bioavailable concentrations of Fe and Mn were assessed in 9 açaí pulps. Fe and Mn contents ranged from 27.6 to 73 and from 145 to 1197 mg kg^-1, respectively. Fe and Mn bioaccessibilities represented from 29 to 40 and from 39 to 55% of total amounts. Fe bioavailabilities were lower than LOQ and those of Mn varied from 8 to 17% of total. A daily consumption of 100 g of açaí pulp exceeds by at least 1.5-fold the recommended Mn daily intakes for adults whereas poorly contributes to Fe intakes. Since the lowest Mn bioaccessible and bioavailable fraction corresponded to a Mn intake value higher than the tolerable upper intakes for children and that high amounts of Mn intake may impair Fe absorption, higher açaí consumption may be worrisome. Future nutritional, toxicological and speciation studies must be undertaken.

Keywords: Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.); Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability; In vitro gastrointestinal digestion; Iron; Manganese.

MeSH terms

Digestion*
Euterpe / chemistry*
Gastrointestinal Tract / metabolism*
Humans
Iron / analysis*
Iron / metabolism*
Manganese / analysis*
Manganese / metabolism*
Mass Spectrometry

Substances

Manganese
Iron