Long-term natural geochemical processes result in wide occurrence of fluoride contamination in underground water and fluoride exposure via drinking water for over 500 million people glo-bally. The control of fluoride pollution and fluorosis is one of the most important issues for drinking water safety. In the past several decades, many initiatives failed in defluoridation of water. Better understanding of fluoride occurrence mechanisms in underground water chemistry and the prediction of high-risk areas by geographic information and remote sensing are of crucial importance to minimize fluorosis occurrence. The use of alternative source water or blending should be considered as priority option. Much efforts should be devoted to the fundamental studies on defluoridation reagents and innovative materials, and to the development of highly-efficient, economic, easy-to-handle and stable technologies and integrated instruments. Furthermore, the design, construction, operation, and supervision of defluoridation facilities should be carefully evaluated and strengthened to achieve stable benefits as much as possible.
天然地球化学过程导致全球范围内广泛存在地下水氟污染,饮用水氟超标人口达5亿.控制以高氟地下水为饮用水源的氟污染及其健康风险,成为饮用水质安全保障的核心问题之一.全世界在饮用水除氟方面做了大量努力,但成效十分有限.在此背景下,深刻认识氟污染形成机制与地球化学特征,结合地理信息、遥感等手段预测区域风险水平,优先考虑“更换水源”,仍是饮用水氟污染控制的重要策略.此外,在研究层面上,应以净水药剂、环境功能材料创新为基础,以混凝沉淀、吸附、膜分离为重要技术方向,开发适用于发展中国家或欠发达地区的高效、经济、方便、稳定的除氟关键技术和成套设备;在工程应用层面上,应加强饮用水除氟设施设计、建设、运行与监管,确保设施长期稳定运行,实现工程效益.
Keywords: adsorption; coagulation; drinking water; fluoride; membrane filtration.; risk control.