The intersection of sex and gender in the treatment of influenza

Curr Opin Virol. 2019 Apr:35:35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.02.009. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Abstract

Males/men and females/women differ in the outcome of influenza A virus (IAV) infections, vaccination, and antiviral treatments. Both sex (i.e. biological factors) and gender (i.e. sociocultural factors) can impact exposure and severity of IAV infections as well as responses and outcomes of treatments for IAV. Greater consideration of the combined effects of sex and gender in epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies of influenza pathogenesis is needed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Gender Identity*
  • Humans
  • Influenza, Human / immunology
  • Influenza, Human / physiopathology*
  • Influenza, Human / prevention & control
  • Male
  • Orthomyxoviridae / drug effects*
  • Orthomyxoviridae / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Sex Factors*

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents