Value of increased nuchal translucency in the era of noninvasive prenatal testing with cell-free DNA

Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019 Jun;145(3):319-323. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12808. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the value of increased nuchal translucency (NT) at first-trimester screening (FTS) despite the superiority of noninvasive prenatal testing with cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for the detection of fetal aneuploidies.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all FTS data from 2005 to 2015 in our department. Only cases with increased NT and euploid karyotype were considered eligible for inclusion. Abnormal findings, diagnostic work-up, and perinatal outcomes were assessed.

Results: Of 18 084 FTS results, 460 (2.5%) showed increased fetal NT, of which 242 (52.6%) underwent invasive karyotyping and 179 (74.0%) had an aneuploidy. Of the remaining 63 cases, 61 (96.8%) showed an additional sonographic finding at FTS and25 (78.1%) had a major anomaly at the second trimester organ scan. The outcome was termination of pregnancy in 28 (44.4%) cases, fetal demise in 5 (7.9%), delivery of an infant with malformation in 21 (33.3%), and delivery of a healthy infant in 7 (11.1%) cases.

Conclusion: All cases with increased NT would have been detected by cfDNA or by a major sonographic anomaly not later than the second trimester. Routine use of cfDNA, a basic sonogram, and an organ scan could reduce unnecessary work-up and anxiety.

Keywords: Amniocentesis; Cell-free DNA; Chorionic villus sampling; Noninvasive prenatal testing; Nuchal translucency; Trisomy.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids / blood*
  • Down Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Maternal Serum Screening Tests / standards
  • Nuchal Translucency Measurement / statistics & numerical data*
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Outcome / epidemiology
  • Pregnancy Trimester, First
  • Pregnancy Trimester, Second
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids