Background: Over 30% of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) patients self-report bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma, but the relationship between the allergen exposure and the bronchial symptoms has not been studied.
Objective: To investigate whether a bronchial counterpart of LAR exists.
Methods: Patients were classified by clinical history, skin prick test/serum specific IgE (sIgE), and nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) into the LAR, allergic rhinitis (AR), and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) phenotypes. Twenty-eight LAR, 18 AR, and 19 NAR patients self-reporting bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma and 8 healthy controls (HC) were subjected to a methacholine test (MT) before (Visit 1) and 24 hours after (Visit 3) a bronchial provocation test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (BPT-DP) (Visit 2). Induced sputum and peripheral blood obtained after each MT were analyzed for immune cell populations, tryptase, ECP, and sIgE.
Results: A positive MT was found in 50% of LAR, 83.3% of AR, 57.89% of NAR, and 0% of HC individuals (P = 0.022 AR vs LAR) at V1. BPT-DP was positive in 8 LAR and 15 AR patients (28% vs 83.3%, P < 0.001), with no positive responses in NAR and HC. All BPT-DP+ patients experienced a significant decrease of PC20 at V3 vs V1 (P = 0.016 LAR, P ≤ 0.001 AR). BPT-DP+ patients also showed a significant increase of eosinophils, monocytes, and ECP in induced sputum at V3 compared with V1.
Conclusion: The results suggest the existence of a new asthma phenotype (local allergic asthma) defined by absence of systemic atopy and positivity to BPT with allergen.
Keywords: IgE; allergic; asthma; local; rhinitis.
© 2019 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.