Objective: To explore the relationship between occupational stress, psychological capital and depressive symptoms among electronic manufacturing female workers in the Pearl River Delta region. Methods: Using cluster sampling method, 845 female workers from 5 electronic manufacturing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region were selected as research subjects from June to August 2017. The Effort Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI) , Psychological Capital questionnaire-24 (PCQ-24) and Patient Health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied to measure the level of occupational stress, psychological capital and depressive symptoms in female workers. Results: Effort (r=0.197, P<0.01) and over commitment (r=-0.260, P<0.01) were positively correlated with the score of depressive symptoms, and the rewards was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=-0.211, P<0.01) . The reward and over-commitment for depressive symptoms were accounted for 8.2%. Psychological capital was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, and plays a partly mediating role in the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms of female workers. The psychological capital for depressive symptoms was accounted for 8.7%. Conclusion: Occupational stress can affects the depressive symptoms of electronic manufacturing female workers, or indirectly affect depressive symptoms through psychological capital, reduce occupational stress and improve psychological capital as a way to relieve the depressive symptoms of female workers.
目的: 探索5家电子制造企业女工职业应激、心理资本与抑郁症状的关系,为提高女工身心健康提供相关理论依据。 方法: 采用整群抽样法,于2017年6至8月选择珠三角地区5家电子制造企业845名女工作为研究对象,通过《付出-回报失衡问卷》《患者健康问卷》以及《心理资本问卷》进行女工的职业应激、抑郁症状和心理资本情况的调查,分析电子制造企业女工职业应激、心理资本与抑郁症状的关系。 结果: 该次调查的电子制造业女工付出(r=0.197,P<0.01)和内在投入(r=0.260,P<0.01)与抑郁症状均呈正相关,回报与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.211,P<0.01),回报和内在投入可对抑郁症状的解释量为8.2%(P<0.01)。女工心理资本中的希望、乐观、自我效能均与抑郁症状呈负相关(r=-0.238、-0.280、-0.122,P<0.01),并可作为中介变量,对抑郁症状的解释量为8.7%(P<0.05)。 结论: 职业应激可影响电子制造业女工抑郁症状,也可以通过心理资本间接影响抑郁症状,降低职业应激和提高心理资本可作为缓解女工抑郁症状的途径。.
Keywords: Depression; Female workers; Occupational stress; Psychological capital.