Sorptive removal of toluene and m-xylene by municipal solid waste biochar: Simultaneous municipal solid waste management and remediation of volatile organic compounds

J Environ Manage. 2019 May 15:238:323-330. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.097. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Abstract

The remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous solution using Municipal solid waste biochar (MSW-BC) has been evaluated. Municipal solid waste was pyrolyzed in an onsite pyrolyzer around 450 °C with a holding time of 30 min for the production of biochar (BC). Physiochemical properties of BC were assessed based on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis. Adsorption capacities for the VOCs (m-xylene and toluene) were examined by batch sorption experiments. Analysis indicated high loading of m-xylene and toluene in landfill leachates from different dump sites. The FTIR analysis corroborates with the Boehm titration data whereas XRF data demonstrated negligible amounts of trace metals in MSW-BC to be a potential sorbent. Adsorption isotherm exhibited properties of both Langmuir and Freundlich which is indicative of a non-ideal monolayer adsorption process taking place. Langmuir adsorption capacities were high as 850 and 550 μg/g for toluene and m-xylene respectively. The conversion of MSW to a value added product provided a feasible means of solid waste management. The produced MSW-BC was an economical adsorbent which demonstrated a strong ability for removing VOCs. Hence, MSW-BC can be used as a landfill cover or a permeable reactive barrier material to treat MSW leachate. Thus, the conversion of MSW to BC becomes an environmentally friendly and economical means of solid waste remediation.

Keywords: Biochar; Leachate treatment; Municipal solid waste; Solid waste management; Volatile organic compounds.

MeSH terms

  • Charcoal
  • Refuse Disposal*
  • Solid Waste
  • Toluene
  • Volatile Organic Compounds*
  • Waste Disposal Facilities
  • Xylenes

Substances

  • Solid Waste
  • Volatile Organic Compounds
  • Xylenes
  • biochar
  • Charcoal
  • Toluene
  • 3-xylene