Functionalized UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks (MOF) particles were covalently grafted with hydride-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) via postsynthetic modification. These PDMS-coated MOF particles (termed here "corona-MOF") were used in the preparation of mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). Defect-free MMMs with weight loadings of 50% were achieved with corona-MOF particles, attributed to the improved dispersibility of the corona-MOF particles and covalent linkages between the corona-MOF particles and the polymer matrix. The PDMS MMMs showed distinct separation features in single gas permeation tests, displaying much higher CO2 gas permeation with no decrease in selectivity when compared to MMMs prepared with unmodified UiO-66 particles. Single gas separation tests with CO2, N2, and propane were performed to probe the separation mechanism of the corona-MOF MMMs, demonstrating that these MMMs avoid nonideal "sieve-in-a-cage" and "plugged sieves" scenarios. Additionally, due to covalent bond formation between both the MOF and the polymer matrix in corona-MOF MMMs, particle aggregation is negligible during film curing, allowing for the formation of flexible, self-standing MMMs of <1 μm in thickness. Low quantities of polymer covalently attached to the MOF surface (<5 wt %) are sufficient to fabricate thin, defect-free, high MOF-loading MMMs.
Keywords: gas separation; hybrid materials; metal−organic frameworks; mixed-matrix membranes; polymers.