The knowledge of the allergen content in the atmosphere is a useful tool to stablish the risk allergy warnings for the sensitive people. In Portugal the main airborne allergenic pollen come from trees (such as Betula or Olea), grasses or weeds (mainly Urticaceae). The present study sought the quantification of the Bet v 1, Ole e 1, Lol p1 and Par j1-2 aeroallergen concentration as well as how weather variables influence in the pollen and allergen concentration in Porto city. Aerobiological study was carried out by a Hirst-type volumetric sampler for pollen collection and a Burkard Cyclone sampler for the aeroallergens. A regression analysis between pollen and allergens was conducted for the identification the allergenic risk days. High Pollen Allergen Potency in the atmosphere was observed considering the low levels of airborne pollen detected. A significant and positive correlation has been obtained between pollen and aeroallergen values with the temperatures whereas the correlation was negative with relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed. Back trajectory methodology was applied in order to analyse the discordances between pollen and allergen maximum concentrations. The analysis showed that when the pollen and allergen peaks were registered on the same day, air masses always comes from the continent. However, when the peaks do not coincide, the air mass comes from the continent in the case of the pollen peak and from the sea for the allergen peak. This behaviour can be a consequence of the high humidity in the air masses from the sea, which can benefit the allergen release from pollen grains. In our study it was observed that the available traditional information for allergenic Type I patients, corresponding to the amount of pollen grains in the bioaerosol, do not accurately identify the real allergenic load in the air.
Keywords: Aeroallergens; Immunoassay; Pollen; Risk days.
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