Background: Astroblastoma is a poorly defined central nervous system (CNS) tumor, included along with polar spongioblastoma and gliomatosis cerebri in the group of neuroepithelial tumors of uncertain origin in the June 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of tumors of the CNS. They are rare neoplasms that affect primarily patients of young ages. The purpose of this research is to highlight the uniqueness and rareness of this pathology and to emphasize on the particularities of one case managed in our Clinic.
Case description: We present the case of a 54-year-old patient with a history of seizures since the age of six years old, who presented on admission with progressive worsening and unresponsiveness to treatment, starting six months prior to presentation. Brain imaging shows a right frontal mass compressing neighboring structures. Gross total resection of the tumor was performed, and histopathological examination of the surgical sample together with immunohistochemistry highlighted the presence of a low-grade astroblastoma.
Conclusions: We summarized data from the literature in order to highlight aspects of this affliction: clinical presentation, imagery, surgical treatment and pathology, hoping that this will aid physicians in finding useful information on this subject, which can guide them to a good outcome. We also discussed differential diagnosis, as this type of tumor shares common features with ependymoma, meningioma, astrocytoma, etc.