Ceria Nanoparticles Fabricated with 6-Aminohexanoic Acid that Overcome Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Abstract

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is self-destructive and uncontrollable inflammatory response of the whole body triggered by infection, trauma, or a variety of severe injuries. Although reactive oxygen species play a pivotal role in the development of SIRS, the trials with conventional antioxidants have failed to improve patient outcome. Ceria nanoparticles (CeNPs) have potent, autocatalytic reactive oxygen species scavenging activities, which may have sufficient therapeutic effects for SIRS. Herein, 3 nm CeNPs are fabricated totally in aqueous phase by using 6-aminohexanoic acid (6-AHA) and their Ce³⁺ to Ce⁴⁺ ratio is increased to enhance antioxidative properties. The obtained 6-AHA-CeNPs demonstrate strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in various biofluids and inflammatory cells. In SIRS animal models, 6-AHA-CeNPs are demonstrated to reduce multiple organ injuries and inflammation. Moreover, 6-AHA-CeNPs decrease mortality and improve clinical scores of SIRS models. These findings suggest that 6-AHA-CeNPs have potential as a therapeutic nanomedicine for SIRS.

Keywords: 6-aminohexanoid acid; cerium oxide nanoparticles; nanotherapeutics; reactive oxygen species; systemic inflammatory response syndrome.