Recognition of enantiomers is one of the most arduous challenges in chemical sensor development. Although several chiral systems exist, their effective exploitation as the sensitive layer in chemical sensors is hampered by several practical implications that hinder stereoselective recognition in solid state. In this paper, we report a new methodology to efficiently prepare chiral solid films, by using a hybrid material approach where chiral porphyrin derivatives are grafted onto zinc oxide nanoparticles. Circular dichroism (CD) evidences that the solid-state film of the material retains supramolecular chirality due to porphyrin interactions, besides an additional CD feature in correspondence of the absorbance of ZnO (375 nm), suggesting the induction of chirality in the underlying zinc oxide nanoparticles. The capability of hybrid material to detect and recognize vapors of enantiomer pairs was evaluated by fabricating gas sensors based on quartz microbalances. Chiral films of porphyrin on its own were used for comparison. The sensor based on functionalized nanostructures presented a remarkable stereoselectivity in the recognition of limonene enantiomers, whose ability to intercalate in the porphyrin layers makes this terpene an optimal chiral probe. The chiroptical and stereoselective properties of the hybrid material confirm that the use of porphyrin-capped ZnO nanostructures is a viable route for the formation of chiral selective surfaces.
Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles; chiral layers; chiral sensing; hybrid materials; porphyrin; quartz microbalances; supramolecular chirality.