Background: Number of reported cases of human dirofilariasis in the last couple of decades has been increasing. Dogs are the main reservoir hosts, while various mosquito species represent/serve as vectors. Human infections are caused by two different parasites: Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Dirofilaria repens is currently considered to be one of the most rapidly-spreading human and animal parasite species in Europe. Clinical features are characterised by subcutaneous or ocular lesions which can persist for months without any symptoms. The disease is considered to be endemic in Mediterranean countries, central Asia, Israel, and Sri Lanka with increased incidence in Central and East Europe. Apart from the local population, tourists are also susceptible to this disease. Export of domestic animals can transfer parasites between different countries. This disease is rare in Croatia.
Case presentation: We are presenting a case of a 58-year-old female patient with dirofilariasis of the genital region caused by Dirofilaria repens, confirmed with PCR and sequencing.
Conclusion: From the clinician point of view, subcutaneous dirofilariasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of long-lasting subcutaneous swellings.
Keywords: Croatia; Dirofilaria repens; Human dirofilariasis; Subcutaneous dirofilariasis; Zoonoses.