Practical Adaptation of a Low-Cost Voltage Transducer with an Open Feedback Loop for Precise Measurement of Distorted Voltages

Maciej Sulowicz; Krzysztof Ludwinek; Jaroslaw Tulicki; Wojciech Depczynski; Lukasz Nowakowski

doi:10.3390/s19051071

Practical Adaptation of a Low-Cost Voltage Transducer with an Open Feedback Loop for Precise Measurement of Distorted Voltages

Sensors (Basel). 2019 Mar 2;19(5):1071. doi: 10.3390/s19051071.

Authors

Maciej Sulowicz¹, Krzysztof Ludwinek², Jaroslaw Tulicki³, Wojciech Depczynski⁴, Lukasz Nowakowski⁵

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland. msulowicz@pk.edu.pl.
² Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiaclecia P. P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland. k.ludwinek@tu.kielce.pl.
³ Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland. jtulicki@pk.edu.pl.
⁴ Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiaclecia P.P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland. wdep@tu.kielce.pl.
⁵ Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiaclecia P.P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland. lukasn@tu.kielce.pl.

Abstract

This paper presents the project proposal of a low-cost transducer with a Hall-effect sensor placed in a ferromagnetic core's air gap, which enables the measurement of the distorted voltage instantaneous values without the feedback loop used for measurements in electrical machines. The presented transducer allows for electrical separation between the measured voltage and the voltage at the output. Moreover, the influences of frequency, additional resistance, and the reactance of the winding circuit on the voltage phase shift caused by winding inductance with ferrite core and amplitude are discussed. The result of simulating leakage inductance of measuring winding with ferrite core with an air gap is calculated using finite element analysis. Experimental investigations of the voltage phase shift angle and output voltage amplitude drop for the voltage transducers with an open feedback loop are carried out, taking into account the linear core magnetization characteristic.

Keywords: Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM); Hall-effect sensor; air gap; alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) voltage measuring; ferrite core; leakage inductance; voltage transducer.