A Proposal to Revise the Histopathologic Grading System of Early Oral Tongue Cancer Incorporating Tumor Budding

Am J Surg Pathol. 2019 May;43(5):703-709. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001241.

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) grading system has a low prognostic value for early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma; greater prognostic power has been shown with tumor budding analysis. In this study, we combined tumor budding analysis with histopathologic grading according to WHO 2017. In our proposal, a revised grade I tumor is defined as a "well differentiated cohesive tumor"; revised grade II as a "moderately differentiated and/or slightly dissociated tumor"; and revised grade III as a "poorly differentiated and/or dissociated tumor." We evaluated the prognostic value of this proposed grading system in a multicenter cohort of 311 cases of early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The proposed grading system showed significant prognostic value in multivariable analysis for disease-specific survival with a hazard ratio of 3.86 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.36-10.9 (P=0.001). For disease-free survival, the proposed grading system showed good predictive power in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-4.27; P=0.009). The conventional WHO grading system showed a low prognostic value for disease-specific survival and disease-free survival (P>0.05). In conclusion, the prognostic power of the WHO histopathologic grading improved significantly with incorporation of tumor budding. Our proposed grading system can be easily included in pathology reports.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Biopsy
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Movement*
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Early Detection of Cancer / methods*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Grading / methods*
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / classification
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / mortality
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / pathology*
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / therapy
  • Time Factors
  • Tongue Neoplasms / classification
  • Tongue Neoplasms / mortality
  • Tongue Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Tongue Neoplasms / therapy