Effects of Lid 1 Mutagenesis on Lid Displacement, Catalytic Performances and Thermostability of Cold-active Pseudomonas AMS8 Lipase in Toluene

Norhayati Yaacob; Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin; Adam Thean Chor Leow; Abu Bakar Salleh; Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman; Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali

doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2019.01.005

Effects of Lid 1 Mutagenesis on Lid Displacement, Catalytic Performances and Thermostability of Cold-active Pseudomonas AMS8 Lipase in Toluene

Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2019 Jan 25:17:215-228. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.01.005. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Norhayati Yaacob^{1

2}, Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin², Adam Thean Chor Leow^{2

3}, Abu Bakar Salleh², Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman^{2

4}, Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine (MOLEMED), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
² Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
³ Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Pseudomonas fluorescens AMS8 lipase lid 1 structure is rigid and holds unclear roles due to the absence of solvent-interactions. Lid 1 region was stabilized by 17 hydrogen bond linkages and displayed lower mean hydrophobicity (0.596) compared to MIS38 lipase. Mutating lid 1 residues, Thr-52 and Gly-55 to aromatic hydrophobic-polar tyrosine would churned more side-chain interactions between lid 1 and water or toluene. This study revealed that T52Y leads G55Y and its recombinant towards achieving higher solvent-accessible surface area and longer half-life at 25 to 37 °C in 0.5% (v/v) toluene. T52Y also exhibited better substrate affinity with long-chain carbon substrate in aqueous media. The affinity for pNP palmitate, laurate and caprylate increased in 0.5% (v/v) toluene in recombinant AMS8, but the affinity in similar substrates was substantially declined in lid 1 mutated lipases. Regarding enzyme efficiency, the recombinant AMS8 lipase displayed highest value of k_cat/K_m in 0.5% (v/v) toluene, mainly with pNPC. In both hydrolysis reactions with 0% and 0.5% (v/v) toluene, the enzyme efficiency of G55Y was found higher than T52Y for pNPL and pNPP. At 0.5% (v/v) toluene, both mutants showed reductions in activation energy and enthalpy values as temperature increased from 25 to 35 °C, displaying better catalytic functions. Only T52Y exhibited increase in entropy values at 0.5% (v/v) toluene indicating structure stability. As a conclusion, Thr-52 and Gly-55 are important residues for lid 1 stability as their existence helps to retain the geometrical structure of alpha-helix and connecting hinge.

Keywords: Cold-active lipase; Hydrophobic contacts; Lid engineering; Molecular dynamics simulation; Site-directed mutagenesis; Solvent accessibility; Substrate affinity; Thermostability.