Arsenic and cadmium contents in Brazilian rice from different origins can vary more than two orders of magnitude

Lilian Seiko Kato; Elisabete A De Nadai Fernandes; Andrea Raab; Márcio Arruda Bacchi; Joerg Feldmann

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.043

Arsenic and cadmium contents in Brazilian rice from different origins can vary more than two orders of magnitude

Food Chem. 2019 Jul 15:286:644-650. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.043. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Authors

Lilian Seiko Kato¹, Elisabete A De Nadai Fernandes², Andrea Raab³, Márcio Arruda Bacchi⁴, Joerg Feldmann⁵

Affiliations

¹ University of São Paulo, Nuclear Energy Center for Agriculture, Avenida Centenário 303, 13400-016 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory TESLA, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire AB24 3FX, Scotland, United Kingdom. Electronic address: lkato@cena.usp.br.
² University of São Paulo, Nuclear Energy Center for Agriculture, Avenida Centenário 303, 13400-016 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: lis@cena.usp.br.
³ Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory TESLA, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire AB24 3FX, Scotland, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.raab@abdn.ac.uk.
⁴ University of São Paulo, Nuclear Energy Center for Agriculture, Avenida Centenário 303, 13400-016 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mabacchi@cena.usp.br.
⁵ Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory TESLA, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire AB24 3FX, Scotland, United Kingdom. Electronic address: j.feldmann@abdn.ac.uk.

PMID: 30827659
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.043

Abstract

Brazil is a major producer of rice, but there is not enough information about As and Cd in rice grown under different conditions in this country. Here, As and Cd were determined by ICP-MS and species of As by HPLC-ICP-MS in Brazilian husked rice, covering diverse cultivars and regions, as well as upland and flooded production systems. Significant differences were observed for contents of both elements according to the origin of rice. All samples were below the maximum limit for Cd (400 µg/kg) set by national legislation, while nine samples presented total As above the legislation limit (300 µg/kg). From 24 samples analyzed for As species, 42% showed iAs above the European limit for production of food to infants (100 µg/kg). The total As content in samples from Mato Grosso state presented a maximum value of 6 µg/kg, which combined with low Cd content make interesting further studies.

Keywords: Arsenic speciation; Arsenic, inorganic arsenic (PubChem CID: 5359596); Cadmium (PubChem CID: 23973); Dimethylarsinic acid (PubChem CID: 2513); Flooded production; HPLC; ICP-MS; Inorganic arsenic; Monomethylarsonic acid (PubChem CID: 8948); Rice cultivars; Upland production.

MeSH terms

Arsenic / analysis*
Brazil
Cadmium / analysis*
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Food Analysis / methods
Food Contamination / analysis*
Humans
Infant
Infant Food / analysis
Mass Spectrometry
Maximum Allowable Concentration
Oryza / chemistry*

Substances

Cadmium
Arsenic