Protective Effects of Serotonin and its Derivatives, N-Feruloylserotonin and N-(p-Coumaroyl) Serotonin, Against Cisplatin-Induced Renal Damage in Mice

Abstract

This study examined whether serotonin and two of its derivatives, $N$ -feruloylserotonin and $N$ -( $p$ -coumaroyl) serotonin, have a renoprotective effect in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Cisplatin (20 $$ mg/kg body weight) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to male BALB/c mice that had received oral serotonin, $N$ -feruloylserotonin or $N$ -( $p$ -coumaroyl) serotonin (7.5 $$ mg/kg body weight per day) during the preceding 2 days. At 3 days after the cisplatin injection, serum and renal biochemical factors, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis-related protein expression were evaluated, and histological examinations were performed. Cisplatin caused reduction in body weight and an increase in kidney weight; however, $N$ -( $p$ -coumaroyl) serotonin and $N$ -feruloylserotonin attenuated these effects. Moreover, the serotonin derivatives significantly decreased serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. They also significantly reduced the level of reactive oxygen species and upregulated the expression of glutathione peroxidase in the kidney. Furthermore, the serotonin derivatives improved the abnormal expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases activation-dependent inflammation- and apoptosis-related protein and caused less renal damage. These results provide important evidence that $N$ -( $p$ -coumaroyl) serotonin and $N$ -feruloylserotonin exert a pleiotropic effect on several parameters related to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. The derivatives also have a renoprotective effect in cisplatin-treated mice; however, this effect is higher with $N$ -( $p$ -coumaroyl) serotonin.

Keywords: Cisplatin; $N$-($p$-Coumaroyl) Serotonin; $N$-Feruloylserotonin; Nephrotoxicity; Safflower Seed; Serotonin.