Pregnancy is a period of intense fetal development, as well as maternal physiological adaptation. During this period a varied diet is particularly important, as intake of macronutrients and micronutrients directly affects pregnancy outcome and the quality of breast milk. The dietary recommendations for pregnant women are indeed very similar to those for other adults, but with a few remarkable exceptions. Therefore, it is important to evaluate, monitor, and, when appropriate, make changes to improve maternal nutrition both before and during pregnancy and lactation, while respecting patients' choices. Growing interest of vegetarian diets needs to be included, as pregnant women may present with unique nutrient deficiencies. However, evidencebased reviews showed that "vegetarian diets can be nutritionally adequate in pregnancy and result in positive maternal and infant health outcomes". This statements is supported by worldwide nutrition specialists, though, the risk and consequences of nutrient deficiencies is emphasized. The nutritional adequacy of a vegetarian diet must be judged individually, not on the basis of what it is called, but on the type, amount, variety and bioavaliability of nutrients that are consumed. Special consideration is required for proteins, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids. Moreover, following advices regarding micronutrients supplementation is essential. This article provides guidelines for counseling vegetarian patients in prenatal and postnatal care.
Keywords: postnatal care; pregnancy nutrition; prenatal care; vegan diet; vegetarian diet.
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