Stem cells are characterized by remarkable plasticity and the ability to differentiate into other types of cells. They are obtained from bone marrow (BMSCs - bone marrow-derived stem cells), from adipose tissue (ADSCs), from joint tissue (SMSCs - synovium-derived stem cells), umbilical cord blood (UCMSCs - umbilical cord stem cells) MSCs), as well as other tissues and organs. Stem cells secrete biologically active factors with immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties, and also suppress leukocyte activity, which actively participate in the atherosclerotic process. This justifies their use in the repair treatment of damaged myocardium. The effectiveness of stem cell administration was also demonstrated in the first stage of septic shock and in patients with ARDS. The treatment of stem cell transplantation to the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc, knee and hip joint in progressive inflammatory lesions, creates new opportunities for patients who are permanently disabled.
Keywords: damage to the nucleus pulposus; myocardial disease; septic shock; stem cells.
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