Echocardiographic predictors of reoperation for subaortic stenosis in children and adults

Abstract

Objectives: Subaortic stenosis (SAS) can present as various types of obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) below the level of the aortic valve. Even though corrective surgery has been identified as the most effective treatment, SAS more frequently reoccurs requiring reoperation in a significant proportion of the patients. Previous studies have focused on predictors of recurrence in various subgroups of patients with SAS, but rarely in the overall population of patients with SAS. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of recurrence of SAS after initial corrective surgery.

Methods: Patients from the database of the Congenital Cardiology Department of the University Hospital of Southampton with significant SAS requiring corrective surgery were included in the study. Data retrieved were obtained and used to determine the predictors of SAS recurrence after the initial corrective surgery.

Results: Eighty-two patients (paediatric, n = 72 and adult, n = 10) who underwent initial successful resection were included in the analysis. Thirty patients required reoperation for recurrent SAS. These were significantly younger (median age 3.0 vs 6.7 years, P = 0.002). The recurrence of SAS was more common in patients with an interrupted aortic arch (23.3% vs 3.8%, P = 0.010) and unfavourable left ventricle geometry (43.3% vs 7.6%, P < 0.001), with steeper aortoseptal angle (131.0° ± 8.7° vs 136.1° ± 8.6°, P = 0.030), shorter distance between the point of obstruction of the LVOT and the aortic valve annulus in systole and diastole (median 4.30 vs 5.90 mm, P = 0.003 and 3.65 vs 4.95 mm, P = 0.006, respectively) and in those who had higher residual peak and mean LVOT gradients postoperatively (29.3 ± 16.0 vs 19.8 ± 10.7 mmHg, P = 0.006 and 15.9 ± 8.3 vs 10.1 ± 5.8 mmHg, P = 0.002, respectively). Overall, the presence of an interrupted aortic arch [odds ratio (OR) 10.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-73.25; P < 0.019] and unfavourable left ventricle geometry (OR 10.42, 95% CI 1.86-58.39; P < 0.008) could independently predict reoperation for SAS after initial successful resection.

Conclusions: Patients who have initial corrective surgery for SAS at a younger age, unfavourable left ventricle geometry, an interrupted aortic arch and higher early postoperative LVOT gradients are more likely to have recurrent SAS requiring reoperation.

Keywords: Echocardiography for subaortic stenosis; Predictors of recurrence of subaortic stenosis; Reintervention for subaortic stenosis; Subaortic stenosis.