1 Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK; Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. Electronic address: koen.pouwels@phe.gov.uk.
2 National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK.
3 Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
4 Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK.