Ten-year follow-up of unreplaced Valsalva sinuses after aortic valve replacement in bicuspid aortic valve disease

Abstract

Background: Aortopathy is common in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV).

Aim: To evaluate the fate of unreplaced Valsalva sinuses in patients with BAV, 10 years after aortic valve replacement (AVR) with or without replacement of the ascending aorta (RAA).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all surgical patients with BAV who were operated on between January 2005 and December 2007. Patients who underwent AVR with or without RAA were included. Surgical data were entered prospectively. Ten-year clinical and echocardiographic follow-up data as well as survival data were collected by contacting the patients and their personal cardiologists, and by consulting the French national mortality registry. Overall, 25% of the patients had computed tomography angiographic assessment of the aortic root at follow-up.

Results: A total of 133 patients with BAV were operated on within the selected period. Thirty-two patients did not meet the inclusion criteria, and had primary Valsalva sinus surgery. Twenty-four patients underwent AVR with RAA and 77 patients had isolated AVR; all of these 101 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up was 9 years (up to 12 years). During follow-up, eight patients (7.9%) underwent late reoperation; two of them (2.0%) required root surgery. Ten-year freedom from reoperation was 86.2±4.7%. Ten-year freedom from dilatation of the Valsalva sinuses (>45mm) was 86.6±5.2%. Ten-year cumulative survival was 83.5±4%.

Conclusions: Ascending aorta and Valsalva sinuses seem to have different fates after AVR in BAV disease. When the Valsalva sinuses are not dilated at the initial surgery, the risk of secondary dilatation at 10 years is low. Preservation of the sinuses is therefore justified in patients with BAV with a non-dilated root. In BAV with isolated aortic insufficiency, a more aggressive approach may be justified, especially in young patients.

Keywords: Aorte ascendante; Ascending aorta; Bicuspid valve; Bicuspidie; Heart valve disease; Sinus de Valsalva; Valsalva sinus; Valvulopathie cardiaque.