Purpose: Leksell Gamma Knife® is a stereotactic radiosurgery system that allows fine-grained control of the delivered dose distribution. We describe a new inverse planning approach that both resolves shortcomings of earlier approaches and unlocks new capabilities.
Methods: We fix the isocenter positions and perform sector-duration optimization using linear programming, and study the effect of beam-on time penalization on the trade-off between beam-on time and plan quality. We also describe two techniques that reduce the problem size and thus further reduce the solution time: dualization and representative subsampling.
Results: The beam-on time penalization reduces the beam-on time by a factor 2-3 compared with the naïve alternative. Dualization and representative subsampling each leads to optimization time-savings by a factor 5-20. Overall, we find in a comparison with 75 clinical plans that we can always find plans with similar coverage and better selectivity and beam-on time. In 44 of these, we can even find a plan that also has better gradient index. On a standard GammaPlan workstation, the optimization times ranged from 2.3 to 26 s with a median time of 5.7 s.
Conclusion: We present a combination of techniques that enables sector-duration optimization in a clinically feasible time frame.
Keywords: Leksell Gamma Knife®; inverse planning; optimization; stereotactic radiosurgery; treatment planning.
© 2019 The Authors. Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine.