At the time of the 40th anniversary of the Alma-Ata Declaration, the World Health Organization member states signed the Declaration of Astana. From Health For All to Universal Health Coverage, primary health care is consistantly identified as the key to achieving human health, and preventive services are critical and central component of primary health care. China has provided valuable experience for primary health care to countries around the world. However, with significant socioeconomic changes and rapid population aging, the contexts of primary health care and prevention services in China has undergone tremendous changes. Chronic diseases have become major burden of disease. System development and institution building, health service delivery system development, and the entire society of the country with large population are encountering new and serious challenges. On the basis of reviewing the development of preventive medical services in China for 40 years, Authors analyzes strengths and weaknesses of preventive services in China and looks forward to the challenges and opportunities in the coming decades, from perspective of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies, and proposes suggestions for future development.
在《阿拉木图宣言》发表40周年之际，世界卫生组织成员国此时签署了《阿斯塔纳宣言》。从人人享有健康到全民健康覆盖，初级卫生保健是实现人类健康理想的关键途径，预防服务是初级卫生保健的核心内容。中国曾经为世界各国的初级卫生保健提供了宝贵的经验，然而随着社会经济发展和人口快速老龄化的进程，中国的初级卫生保健和预防服务的背景发生了巨大变化，慢性非传染性疾病已经成为主要的疾病负担，系统发展和制度建设、卫生服务提供系统，以及全社会遇到新的严峻挑战。本文在回顾中国40年来预防医学服务发展的基础上，从初级、二级和三级预防的角度，分析和展望今后数十年预防医学服务的挑战和机会，并提出未来的发展建议。.
Keywords: Alma-Ata Declaration; Declaration of astana; Preventive medicine; Primary health care; Universal health coverage.