Rainfall-simulated quantification of initial soil erosion processes in sloping and poorly maintained terraced vineyards - Key issues for sustainable management systems

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino; Manuel Seeger; Thomas Iserloh; José María Senciales González; José Damián Ruiz-Sinoga; Johannes B Ries

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.451

Rainfall-simulated quantification of initial soil erosion processes in sloping and poorly maintained terraced vineyards - Key issues for sustainable management systems

Sci Total Environ. 2019 Apr 10:660:1047-1057. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.451. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Authors

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino¹, Manuel Seeger², Thomas Iserloh², José María Senciales González³, José Damián Ruiz-Sinoga⁴, Johannes B Ries²

Affiliations

¹ Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos, Department of Geography, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Physical Geography, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany. Electronic address: rodrigo-comino@uma.es.
² Physical Geography, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany.
³ Department of Geography, Málaga University, Campus of Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
⁴ Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos, Department of Geography, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Department of Geography, Málaga University, Campus of Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.

PMID: 30743902
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.451

Abstract

In the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), understanding landscape evolution is essential to design long-term management plans. In agricultural fields, such as the vineyards on steep slopes, the terraces offer one of the most important morphological changes. However, it is not clear if the poorly managed agricultural terraces are optimal to reduce soil erosion and overland flow, although the trafficability is improved. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to compare the differences between initial soil erosion processes on poorly managed terraced vineyards and sloping vineyards at the pedon scale, considering the key role of the SSC (Soil Surface Components). To achieve this goal, twenty-six rainfall simulations were performed, considering the inclination, vegetation and stone covers, and surface roughness. Our research was carried out in the sloping vineyards (>20°) of the Almáchar municipality, in the Montes de Málaga (Spain). Those vineyards are characterized by bare soils, low organic matter and high rock fragment contents. Our results showed that higher soil losses (42.2 g m^-2vs 9.4 g m^-2) and runoff (4.9 l m^-2vs 1.6 l m^-2) were detected in the plots of the poorly managed terraced vineyard than in the sloping one. Moreover, the time to runoff generation was lower in the poorly conserved terraces (232 s) than in the sloping vineyard (679 s), showing a faster saturation capacity. The SSC considered as the key factors were the reduction of the stone cover and an increase of roughness. As a conclusion, we confirm that the imminent transformation from sloping vineyards into terraced fields could lead several land degradation processes if a poor management is carried out, and no control measures are applied during the process, such as the conservation of stone walls or vegetation cover above the embankment, which is not in compliance with the SDG.

Keywords: Land sustainability; Management; Poorly managed terraces; Sloping vineyards; Soil erosion.