Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is responsible for about 25% of maternal deaths worldwide. Antifibrinolytic agents, mainly tranexamic acid, have been demonstrated to reduce maternal blood loss and need for transfusion requirements at delivery in some settings.Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effectiveness of tranexamic acid for the prevention of PPH after vaginal delivery.Data sources: The search was conducted using electronic databases from the inception of each database through February 2018. Review of articles also included the abstracts of all references retrieved from the search. No restrictions for language or geographic location were applied.Study design: Selection criteria included RCTs comparing the prophylactic use of tranexamic acid after vaginal delivery with control (either placebo or no treatment). Trials in women undergoing cesarean delivery and trials in women with established PPH were excluded. The primary outcome was the incidence of primary PPH. The summary measures were reported as summary relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird.Tabulation, integration, and results: Four RCTs, including 4671 participants, evaluating tranexamic acid usually 1 g intravenous (IV) within 10 min after vaginal delivery in addition to oxytocin, cord traction, and uterine massage, at or near term for prevention of primary PPH, defined mostly as blood loss ≥500 mL in the first 24 h following delivery, were analyzed. Women who received prophylactic tranexamic acid after vaginal delivery had a significantly lower incidence of primary PPH (8.7 versus 11.4%; RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.91) and lower mean blood loss mean difference (MD) -84.74 mL, 95% CI -109.76 to -59.72). The risk of thrombotic events was not increased in the tranexamic acid group.Conclusions: Prophylactic tranexamic acid 1 g IV within 10 min after vaginal delivery reduces the risk of primary PPH.
Keywords: Bleeding; cesarean delivery; mortality; operative delivery; postpartum hemorrhage.