Infrequent Transmission of Monovalent Human Rotavirus Vaccine Virus to Household Contacts of Vaccinated Infants in Malawi

J Infect Dis. 2019 May 5;219(11):1730-1734. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz002.

Abstract

Horizontal transmission of rotavirus vaccine virus may contribute to indirect effects of rotavirus vaccine, but data are lacking from low-income countries. Serial stool samples were obtained from Malawian infants who received 2 doses of monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (RV1) (days 4, 6, 8, and 10 after vaccination) and from their household contacts (8-10 days after vaccine). RV1 vaccine virus in stool was detected using semiquantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RV1 fecal shedding was detected in 41 of 60 vaccinated infants (68%) and in 2 of 147 household contacts (1.4%). Horizontal transmission of vaccine virus within households is unlikely to make a major contribution to RV1 indirect effects in Malawi.

Keywords: Malawi; indirect effects; rotavirus; transmission; vaccine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Disease Transmission, Infectious
  • Family Characteristics
  • Feces / virology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Malawi
  • Male
  • Prospective Studies
  • Rotavirus / immunology*
  • Rotavirus Infections / immunology*
  • Rotavirus Infections / transmission*
  • Rotavirus Infections / virology
  • Rotavirus Vaccines / immunology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Rotavirus Vaccines