The sampling of examined patients comprised 308 individuals with medication sensitive (or with absence of data about resistance) tuberculosis of lungs without decay of pulmonary tissue with purpose to detect characteristics of alteration of content and structural organization of monocytic membranes before treatment and also against the background of application of chemotherapy according 1 standard regimen. The data of clinical radiologic examination of patients, bacterioscopy, molecular genetic analysis and analysis of phospholipid spectrum of membranes of mononuclears of peripheral blood were used. To detect particular classes of phospholipids the thin-layer flow chromatography was applied. The following fractions of phospholipids were detected: aggregated lysophospholipids, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine. To evaluate structurally functional condition of mononuclears of peripheral blood under tuberculosis the coefficients of activity of phospholipase and membrane permeability were applied. It is established that in case of tuberculosis infection an alteration of functional activity and restructuring of membranes of mononuclears of peripheral blood is observed expressed by increasing of content percentage of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine and in decreasing of level of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. In patients with tuberculosis prior to treatment decreasing of coefficient of membrane permeability. After application of chemotherapy coefficient of membrane permeability returned to standard. The anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy gives rise to activation of phospholipase A2 that shows membrane destructive effect on mononuclears of peripheral blood and results in disorganization of their membranes manifesting in cumulation of lysophospholipids at simultaneous decreasing of percentage content of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. The toxic effect of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy has no effect on number of monocytes in peripheral blood. At that, disorganization of membrane structures of these cells and possible suppression of their functional activity occur.
Keywords: anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy; cellular immunity; mononuclears; phospholipids; tuberculosis.