Real-life cohorts have shown that the effectiveness of all-oral, direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for HCV treatment is > 90%. We aimed to explore the predictive factors of DAA success in HIV coinfection. This is an observational prospective study within the cohort "VIH-DOC", Madrid, Spain. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were included if they had been treated with DAAs between 9 January 2015 and 31 August 2016. The sustained virological response (SVR) was analysed in the intention-to-treat population. Binary logistic regression was used to study the impact of cirrhosis, anti-HCV therapy experience and the IL28B polymorphism on SVR, besides factors with a p value < 0.15 from the univariate analysis. DAA were prescribed to 423 patients. SVR was confirmed in 92.9%. The univariate analysis showed higher proportion of patients with SVR among those with DAA adherence ≥ 95% (difference + 10.3%, 95% CI 3.5-19.6) and a baseline CD4+ cell count ≥ 200/μL (difference + 14.7%, 95% CI 4.1-31.0). Logistic regression evinced that both DAA adherence and baseline CD4+ cell counts predicted the SVR (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.8-8.8, and OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.9-13.9, respectively). Moreover, men who reported having sex with other men (MSM) were less likely to achieve SVR (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.1-16.1). Among MSM, three of three patients without SVR were suspected to have experienced HCV reinfection. DAA for HCV in HIV-coinfected patients is highly effective. DAA adherence ≥ 95% and a baseline CD4+ count ≥ 200/μL predicted a higher probability of SVR. A lower rate of SVR was found in MSM, presumably due to a higher frequency of HCV reinfection.
Keywords: Direct-acting antivirals; HCV reinfection; HIV/HCV coinfection; Sustained virological response; Treatment adherence.