The commercial product of rifaximin (RFX) contains α form. The α form can change to β form on exposure to high humidity that can occur during manufacturing, stability, and in-use period. It is critical to maintain α form of the drug in a drug product to avoid variability in clinical response. U.S. Food and Drug Administration dissolution method was found to be nondiscriminatory for RFX formulations containing either 100% α or β form. The objective of this study was to develop a discriminatory dissolution method that can detect low levels of α to β transformation in RFX products. Formulations containing a variable fraction of α and β forms were prepared by using direct compression method. Dissolution parameters investigated were type of dissolution medium (water and phosphate buffer), volume (500, 900, and 1000 mL), and paddle speed (50, 75, and 150 rpm). Dissolution in water with 0.2% sodium lauryl sulfate was less than 80% and nondiscriminatory. However, dissolution tested in a phosphate buffer pH 7.4 with 0.2% sodium lauryl sulfate at 50 rpm was discriminatory with more than 17.5% difference in dissolution profile between formulations containing α and β forms. The developed method can detect polymorphic transformation if there is 25% or more β form conversion.
Keywords: X-ray powder diffraction; dissolution; formulation; polymorph(s); tablet(s).
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