Fire, CO2, and climate effects on modeled vegetation and carbon dynamics in western Oregon and Washington

PLoS One. 2019 Jan 25;14(1):e0210989. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210989. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

To develop effective long-term strategies, natural resource managers need to account for the projected effects of climate change as well as the uncertainty inherent in those projections. Vegetation models are one important source of projected climate effects. We explore results and associated uncertainties from the MC2 Dynamic Global Vegetation Model for the Pacific Northwest west of the Cascade crest. We compare model results for vegetation cover and carbon dynamics over the period 1895-2100 assuming: 1) unlimited wildfire ignitions versus stochastic ignitions, 2) no fire, and 3) a moderate CO2 fertilization effect versus no CO2 fertilization effect. Carbon stocks decline in all scenarios, except without fire and with a moderate CO2 fertilization effect. The greatest carbon stock loss, approximately 23% of historical levels, occurs with unlimited ignitions and no CO2 fertilization effect. With stochastic ignitions and a CO2 fertilization effect, carbon stocks are more stable than with unlimited ignitions. For all scenarios, the dominant vegetation type shifts from pure conifer to mixed forest, indicating that vegetation cover change is driven solely by climate and that significant mortality and vegetation shifts are likely through the 21st century regardless of fire regime changes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomass
  • Carbon Cycle*
  • Carbon Dioxide / analysis*
  • Climate Change*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Ecosystem*
  • Forests
  • Humans
  • Models, Biological
  • Monte Carlo Method
  • Northwestern United States
  • Oregon
  • Stochastic Processes
  • Trees / growth & development
  • Trees / metabolism
  • Washington
  • Wildfires*

Substances

  • Carbon Dioxide

Grants and funding

This work was supported by (DB) U.S. Department of the Interior via the Northwest Climate Science Center through agreement #G12AC20495 within the framework of the research project entitled “Integrated Scenarios of climate, hydrology and vegetation for the Northwest”, P. Mote (Oregon State University) principal investigator. This organization is now called the Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center, https://nwcasc.uw.edu/. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.