Super-hydrophilic and high strength polymeric foam dressings of modified chitosan blends for topical wound delivery of chloramphenicol

Georgia Michailidou; Evi Christodoulou; Stavroula Nanaki; Panagiotis Barmpalexis; Evangelos Karavas; Susan Vergkizi-Nikolakaki; Dimitrios N Bikiaris

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.050

Super-hydrophilic and high strength polymeric foam dressings of modified chitosan blends for topical wound delivery of chloramphenicol

Carbohydr Polym. 2019 Mar 15:208:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.050. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Authors

Georgia Michailidou¹, Evi Christodoulou¹, Stavroula Nanaki¹, Panagiotis Barmpalexis², Evangelos Karavas³, Susan Vergkizi-Nikolakaki⁴, Dimitrios N Bikiaris⁵

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
² Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
³ Pharmathen S.A., Pharmaceutical Industry, Dervenakion Str 6, Pallini Attikis, GR-15351 Attiki, Greece.
⁴ Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
⁵ Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: dbic@chem.auth.gr.

PMID: 30658779
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.050

Abstract

In the present study polymer blends based on chitosan (CS) and its derivatives with trans-aconitic (t-Acon) acid and another with trimellitic (TRM) anhydride, were prepared for topical wound delivery of chloramphenicol (CHL). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the successful grafting of t-Acon acid or TRM anhydride into CS macromolecules at molar ratios 1:1 and 1:0.5, while powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the prepared materials were amorphous. Neat chitosan and its grafted derivatives were mixed in different ratios (25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 w/w) in order to prepare suitable blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the formed blends after freeze-drying had a sponge-like structure, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) verified their thermal stability. All blends are miscible in studied compositions and have extensive swelling and much better mechanical properties than neat CS. In a further step, the obtained porous sponges prepared from CS/CS-derivatives 50/50 w/w were loaded with Chloramphenicol (10, 20 and 30 wt%), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, and the prepared dressings were evaluated in terms of FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and in vitro drug dissolution. An initial burst release followed by a quasi-Fickian diffusion driven sustained release phase was observed while the addition of chloramphenicol gives high antimicrobial properties to all dressings.

Keywords: Antimicrobial properties; Chitosan derivatives; Chloramphenicol; Drug release; Polymer blends; Swelling; Wound dressing.