Common opioid adverse effects (AE) of the gastrointestinal tract include opioid-induced constipation (OIC) and opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD) with traditional laxatives being of limited efficacy, having AEs and not addressing the pathophysiology of OIC or OIBD. Targeted treatment comprises of PAMORA (peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists) and a combination of an opioid receptor agonist with its antagonist, namely prolonged-release oxycodone with prolonged-release naloxone (OXN) tablets at a fixed ratio of 2:1. Oxycodone provides analgesia, whereas naloxone prevents binding or displaces it from opioid receptors located in the gut wall. Areas covered: The authors review the role of OXN in the management of patients with pain and OIC. A literature search was performed using the search terms 'oxycodone/naloxone' and 'opioid-induced constipation' using the PubMed database up to October 2018. Expert opinion: OXN delivers analgesia comparable (or superior versus placebo and in observational studies) to oxycodone alone and other opioids with a limited or decreased disturbing effect on bowel function. OXN in daily doses of up to 160 mg/80 mg provides effective analgesia with little negative impact on bowel function. OXN may be successfully used in patients with chronic pain, to prevent or treat symptoms of OIC and OIBD.
Keywords: Opioid–induced constipation; chronic pain; opioid receptor antagonist; opioid–induced bowel dysfunction; oxycodone/naloxone.